1. From Cairo to Istanbul 2. The Arab Challenge to Ottoman Rule 3. The Egyptian Empire of Muhammad Ali 4. The Perils of Reform 5. The First Wave of Colonialism: North Africa 6. Divide and Rule: World War I and the Postwar Settlement 7. The British Empire in the Middle East 9. The Palestine Disaster and Its Consequences 10. The Rise of Arab Nationalism 11. The Decline of Arab Nationalism 12. The Age of Oil 13. The Power of Islam 14. After the Cold War