Eru thaluvuthal, later known as Jalikattu formed an important marital escapade of the Aayar clan of the Mullai region to proclaim their aggressive caliber popular in ancient Tamilagam from very early days. It was conducted for testing the valour and courage of the Aayar boys to marry the Aayar girls both in the arranged and love marriages. Besides, it reflects the kuravai koothu. Mullai Kali of Kalithogai, praises the ruler ot the Pandya dynasty, worship of God Tirumal and horns of the female buffalo and glorify the Tamil language. In the Sangam period, as revealed in the Kalithogai literature, God Tirumal was alone worshipped in the kuravai dance, but later as revealed in the Silapathikaram literature, several gods and goddesses were worshiped in the herdswomen's dance, associated with the eru thaluvuthal. The women were noted for their chivalry, chastity, devotion and humility. The customs and traditions associated with the eru thaluvuthal were changed in the post-Sangam era particularly during the period when Silapathikaram was composed. Tirumalai Nayak (1623-1659) of Madurai changed Eru thaluvuthal into Jallikattu. This paper is a sincere attempt to analyse the event of eru thaluvuthal at its historical perspective and its effect on the customs and traditions of the pastoral culture of the ancient Tamils based on primary data.